如何与您的孩子谈论冠状病毒

As the public conversation about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) grows and significant steps are being taken to reduce the spread of the illness in our community, young children may start to worry about themselves and the people they know.随着关于XNUMX年冠状病毒疾病（COVID-XNUMX）的公众讨论不断增加，并且正在采取重大措施来减少该疾病在我们社区的传播，幼儿可能会开始担心自己和自己认识的人。 As an important grown-up in a young child's life, you can help to address their worry and questions, and model healthy behaviors to keep your kids and family safe.作为幼儿生活中的重要成年人，您可以帮助解决他们的烦恼和问题，并建立健康的行为榜样，以确保孩子和家人的安全。

In order to be the bigger, stronger, and wiser grown up that your child needs you to be, it's important to stay informed.为了变得更大，更强壮，更聪明，您的孩子需要您成为自己的孩子，保持知情很重要。 Kids feel safer when the adults around them are calm and confident.当周围的成年人保持镇定和自信时，孩子们会感到更安全。 Look to trusted sources of up-to-date information on COVID-19 from:从以下位置查找关于COVID-XNUMX的最新信息的可信任来源：

与孩子交谈的提示

Kids can become distressed by repeated news or images about the illness and its impact.对于有关疾病及其影响的反复新闻或图像，孩子们可能会感到沮丧。 Consider limiting your child's exposure to the ongoing media coverage about COVID-19.考虑限制您的孩子接触有关COVID-XNUMX的媒体。 Here are some tips for talking with your kids about the news:以下是与您的孩子讨论新闻的一些技巧：

保持镇定并放心
Kids react to what you say and how you say it.孩子们会对您说的话和怎么说做出反应。 It's helpful to show them that you can handle what's happening and that you will do all that you can to keep them safe.向他们展示可以处理所发生的事情，并尽一切可能确保他们的安全是很有帮助的。
让他们知道他们可以和你说话
Being available and responsive when kids have questions, show worry, or have strong feelings goes a long way.当孩子有问题，表现出担忧或有强烈的感情时，要有足够的反应能力和响应能力，这是很长的路要走的。 As the wonderful Mr. Rogers once said, “Anything that's human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable.正如出色的罗杰斯先生曾经说过的那样：“任何人类都是可以提及的，任何可以提及的事物都可以更容易处理。 When we can talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting and less scary.”当我们谈论自己的感受时，它们就会变得不那么压倒性，更少的沮丧和更少的恐惧。”
以适合年龄的方式提供准确和诚实的信息。
Focus on the facts, and on what you are doing to stay safe and keep them healthy.着重事实，并注意为确保安全和保持健康所做的事情。 It's okay if you can't answer everything;如果您不能回答所有问题，那没关系； being available to your child is what matters.重要的是要让您的孩子有空。 You can tell them that even though you don't know all the answers right now, when you learn more you will share it with them.您可以告诉他们，即使您现在尚不知道所有答案，当您了解更多信息时，也将与他们分享。
- 例如，如果您的孩子问为什么有些人戴着口罩，您可以说， Sometimes people wear masks when they are sick.有时人们生病时戴口罩。 When they are all better, they stop wearing masks.当他们都好起来时，他们就不再戴口罩了。
- 如果您的孩子问学校/托儿所/活动被取消，您可以告诉他们 许多成年人在努力工作，以确保人们的安全和健康。
- 如果您的孩子担心自己可能生病，可以告诉他们， Everybody gets sick sometimes.有时每个人都会生病。 If you get sick, I (or another caregiver) will take care of you until you're better.如果您生病了，我（或其他保姆）将照顾您，直到您恢复健康。假装扮演医疗角色（医生或护士玩偶或毛绒玩具）可以帮助孩子专注于人们生病时如何照顾他人。

教孩子如何减少细菌传播
- 提醒孩子远离咳嗽，打喷嚏或生病的人。
- 提醒他们咳嗽或打喷嚏到纸巾或肘部，然后将纸巾扔进垃圾桶。
- 告诉孩子们 Try to keep your hands out of your mouth, nose, and eyes.尝试将手放在嘴，鼻子和眼睛外面。 This will help keep germs out of your body.这将有助于防止细菌进入您的身体。
- 养成洗手的习惯，教孩子用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒钟（唱ABC或 生日快乐 两次！），尤其是在他们从外面进来之后，进食之前，咳嗽，打喷嚏或blowing鼻涕之后，当然还有在使用浴室之后。
留意儿童焦虑加剧的迹象
- Children may not have the words to express their worry, but you may see signs of it.儿童可能没有用语言表达他们的担忧，但您可能会看到它的迹象。 They may get cranky, be more clingy, have trouble sleeping, or seem distracted.他们可能会变得胡思乱想，变得更加固执，无法入睡，或者看起来分神。 Stay calm and reassuring, and try to keep daily routines (naptime, bedtime) as consistent as possible for your child.保持镇定和安心，并尝试使您的孩子的日常活动（小睡时间，就寝时间）尽可能保持一致。

保持冷静

如果你注意到了你感到焦虑，请花一些时间让自己冷静下来，然后再进行对话或回答孩子的问题。 Knowing the facts about COVID-19 and understanding the actual risk to you and your family can make the situation less stressful.了解有关COVID-XNUMX的事实并了解对您和您的家人的实际风险可以使情况减轻压力。 Taking care of yourself and helping others to cope with stress will make our community stronger.照顾好自己并帮助他人应对压力，将使我们的社区变得更强大。 Here are some ideas for coping with the current anxiety:以下是一些应对当前焦虑的想法：

Take breaks from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media.从观看，阅读或收听新闻报道（包括社交媒体）中休息一下。 Hearing or reading about the pandemic nonstop can be upsetting.听到或阅读有关大流行的不停消息可能会令人沮丧。
照顾好自己的身体：深呼吸，伸展运动，散步，休息和避免饮酒和吸毒都是照顾自己的好方法。
练习社会疏远，但请与亲人保持联系-与您信任的人进行电话或视频聊天，以了解您的担忧和感受。

资料来源：美国儿科学会疾病控制与预防中心，零到三，国家公共广播电台，公共卫生与环境局CO，儿童心理研究所。